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Cardiovascular disease accounts for one in every three deaths each year in the United States, according to the American Heart Association. In addition, more than 370,000 cardiovascular surgeries were performed last year alone.

SCRMC member Alta Charo, professor of law, writes: Debate about the ethics and legal aspects of stem cell research can feel just as complicated as the science. I grew up in the turbulent 1960s and became interested in the whole “nature vs. nurture” debate taking place, as people argued whether human behavior is the product of inherited traits or our environment. I found both sides fascinating — the nature side led me to study biology, and the nurture side got me interested in public policy.

SCRMC member Krishanu Saha, assistant professor of biomedical engineering, writes: In the first years of my life as an engineer, I started building new materials for semiconductors. It was a booming industry in the 1990s, but now I see a booming industry in building with biology. Back then, only cancerous human cells could be grown for long periods of time in the lab. No normal human cells could be grown for more than a few days or weeks.

The reinvention of a photographic film company has transformed a pioneering stem cell startup into a biotech leader with an eye toward regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The former Cellular Dynamics International Inc., with deep ties to stem cell researchers at UW-Madison, was acquired by Fujifilm in 2015 in a $278 million deal.

SCRMC member Anita Bhattacharyya, assistant professor of cell & regenerative biology, writes: My fascination with neuroscience began with a developmental biology class in college. How can you start with a sperm and an egg and end up with a complete organism? That’s amazing enough, and then there’s the development of the brain, the most complex organ in the body, what really makes us human. I just thought it was such an incredible question to be asking.

There’s a flurry of activity in the Discovery Building’s teaching labs during the Rural Summer Science Camp. Students huddle around a gelatin model of a heart, poking and prodding, while discussing the best way to use stem cells to repair heart injuries. Another group is moving colorful liquid through channels in Lego-like blocks, testing how liquid can move against the forces of gravity under the right circumstances.

SCRMC member David Gamm, associate professor of ophthalmology and visual sciences writes: As a pediatric ophthalmologist, there are times I have to deliver some pretty difficult news for patients and families affected by genetic disorders of the eye. There are often no treatments, much less cures. Families come to me and I have to tell them, “Your child is going to lose vision, slowly and inexorably, and he or she may end up completely blind.”

Tommy Thompson, former Governor of Wisconsin, writes: As Wisconsin governor in the 1990s, I was very interested in what was happening at the University of Wisconsin with biotechnology discoveries. And when Jamie Thomson discovered how to isolate and grow embryonic stem cells, I thought it should be given as much attention as possible.

James Thomson, the UW-Madison biologist whose stem cell discovery 20 years ago opened fascinating and promising new avenues in science, took time to discuss his thoughts on the breakthrough and what the future holds for the field of regenerative medicine.

An international conference held in Madison last April offered an enticing glimpse into the future of stem cell therapies. Organized by UW-Madison stem cell pioneer James Thomson, the event showcased human clinical trials under way for cellular therapies to treat Parkinson’s disease, macular degeneration, heart failure, diabetes and spinal cord injury.